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Cast hinges are
a very important part of much production jewelry work, partly because hinge
assembly on such pieces is reduced to inserting the hinge pin and so provides
a very fast linkage system ideal for cast objects.
We are primarily speaking here of lost wax investment casting. If you
look at any trade magazines you will find many examples of cast hinges
in the advertisements. I like the German magazines like Goldschmiede Zeitung(European
Jeweller), Gold und Silber and Schmuck for this. Italian magazines, too,
often have very good examples of cast hinges in the advertisements. The
hinge units are built onto the model just as for a regular construction.
The tube wall should be fairly thick to allow for shrinkage in the mold,
in casting and during polishing. Shorter tubes or block hinges (1-3 mm
in length) may be rubber molded without a second thought. Longer hinge
knuckles should have a stainless steel wire core embedded in the mold
to inject the wax around.
The model for a cast hinge is constructed carefully, accurately and
with conscious planning for shrinkage and ease of finishing. Normally,
in order to ensure a good wax model for a hinge, one has to make metal
insert additions in the rubber mold that is injected with wax. One installs
in the rubber mold a high-polished, stainless steel rod that lies where
the hinge pin will lie in the final model, stuck through the tubing on
the metal casting model when the mold is made and cut. The wire projects
out of the ends of the hinge on the model. The wire then has built-in
supporting grooves in the rubber mold, which allows the wax to flow around
it thus producing a perfect, highly polished hole in the wax tube. It
is thus anchored in the mold and registered.
One injects the wax around the polished steel rod in the rubber mold
the wax model is taken out of the rubber mold, the steel rod is then pulled
out of it, which results in wax tubes (hinge knuckles) with a high polished
interior, ready for casting. The steel rod is then plugged back into its
place in the mold for the next injection. The investment flows inside
the hole in the wax knuckle and forms a core when casting usually the
results are good.
As well, there are numerous plastic hinges available at the model shop,
and even at the supermarket and pharmacy on small boxes and plastic objects,
that can be burnt out and cast as-is and incorporated into jewelry. Hobby
shops which specialize in radio-controlled airplanes have all kinds of
polyethylene plastic hinges for flaps on the planes, in all sizes and
thicknesses. Because polyethylene burns out well, such model airplane
hinges can provide a source for hinges by casting.
Here is an example of a hinged bracelet unit for cast reproduction.
Notice how the bottom of the unit is hollowed out to reduce weight and
to increase structural strength on the finished bracelet.
Other types of cast 'hinges' have a relationship to stud-and-peg systems
as well as to tab ones. In the first example, a central unit joins two
other ones the outer ones have rods which are dropped into slots on the
central unit. Built-in tabs on each side of the slot are then pushed down
with a punch, locking the outer units rods in place. From above, this
can look like a machined hinge.
As in the previous example, many cast hinges are designed with the model
made in an 'open' position so that after casting a unit can be inserted,
and then the unit is closed onto studs so as to rapidly assemble the linkage
system. Here is another example.
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