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Re: [Orchid] [Student Talk] "Bowling"
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Peter W. Rowe Saturday, January 30, 1999
   
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>        What must I do to pound it into a bowl shape?  So far it is
>     not "bowling" too well. 

    The usual process is called angle raising.  Easiest is to first
    create radial crimps, like the accordian folds of a Mr. Coffee
    filter, which will pull the metal into sort of a funnel shape. 
    Now, using a raising hammer, over a raising stake, you hold the
    crimps against the end of the stake and hammer the ridges between
    them down to the stake.  The essential part is that the lip of
    the stake is located just behind (towards you, and of course,
    underneath the metal) where you're hitting with the hammer, and
    that the angle of the crimps/ridges is kept constant to the
    stake.  Don't try to take too big an angular bite at a time, or
    it will just flare out as you work towards the edge.  Don't let
    it fold over as you drive it down.  You're compressing the metal,
    not just flattening it, and it's getting thicker.  Work in
    concentric circles from the inside to the outside, and when
    you've finished a course of this, the metal will now be slightly
    cone shaped.  And irregular.  Now use a soft mallet to beat the
    whole side against the stake to even out the waves, so the thing
    becomes again more truely conical instead of warped and
    ameabalike.  The whole point is to keep the profile/cross section
    uniform, whatever it may be, so that you can continue working in
    concentric circles doing the same thing to similarly shaped
    metal as you work.  Then you anneal, and again create crimps in
    the metal with an appropriate crimping stake (can made of wood). 
    You can do this without the crimps, but it's harder to learn and
    control.  Each successive course depends the angle of the cone. 
    You develop a bowl by starting successive courses of angle
    raising farther from the center, so the bowl grows up in angular
    steps. Once it's reached the overall depth, width at the top,
    etc, of the bowl you desire, you then "bouge" it out to curved
    surfaces with your mallet over a round or suitibly curved stake,
    removing the angles.  Then planish the surface to hammer out the
    crude markes left by raising... 

    The other way to get a bowl is called stretching or sinking,
    depending on the exact variation used.  For this you start with a
    circle of thick metal. Hammering hard in the center portion only,
    you stretch it, expanding it to a dome.  The edge isn't hammered,
    and holds the circumference in while the center of the disk
    expands down.  That's stretching.  Sinking is similar, except
    you simply hammer a circle down into a suitably shaped
    depression... 

    Pick up a copy of Murry Bovin's "silversmithing and art metal". 
    It shows the process clearly.  So do several other books.  One of
    the best illustrations of how to move the metal is the diagram on
    page 10 of "silversmithing" by Rupert Finegold and William Seitz,
    a superb book.  It doesn't clearly show crimping, though, until
    later in the book.  But for showing you what to do,  So SHOULD
    your instructor.  Figuring out just where the metal is held
    relative to the stake is important, as well as the angle to hold
    the metal, and the angle at which the hammer must strike the
    metal.  Once you figure this out, you'll find the process will
    "click" with you, and suddenly you'll find you can move a lot of
    metal just exactly where you want it to go in a surprisingly
    short amount of time.  Once you've built up the suitable arm and
    wrist muscles, that is  (grin) 

Hope this helps.

Peter Rowe


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