[Jewelry making - Article 00128] - [Orchid] DMSO

[Judy Pottins]

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    For anyone interested. My apologies for the length: Page 241 Plumb
    Handbook of Veterinary Drugs: 

    ?DMSO is a clear, colorless to straw-yellow liquid. It is dipolar,
    aprotic (acts as a Lewis base) and extremely hygroscopic. It has a
    melting/freezing point of 18.5 C?It is miscible with water (heat is
    produced), alcohol, acetone, chloroform, ether and many organic
    solvents? 

    Storage/Stability/Compatibility ? Must be stored in airtight
    containers and away from light. As DMSO may react with some
    plastics, it should be stored in glass or in the container provided
    by the mfg. If DMSO is allowed to contact room air it will
    self-dilute to a concentration of 66-67%. DMSO is apparently
    compatible with many compounds, but because of the cancers for
    accidental percutaneous absorption of potentially toxic compounds,
    the admixing of DMSO with other compounds is not to be done
    casually. 

    Pharmacology ? The pharmacologic effects of DMSO are diverse. DMSO
    traps free radical hydroxide and its metabolite, dimethyl sulfide
    (DMS) traps free radical oxygen. It appears that these actions help
    to explain some of the anti-inflammatory, cryopreservative,
    antiischemic (improves blood flow) and radioprotective qualities of
    DMSO. 

    DMSO will easily penetrate the skin. It also serves as a carrier
    agent in promoting the percutaneous absorption of other compounds
    (including drugs and toxins) that normally would not penetrate.
    Drugs such as insulin, heparin, phenylbutazone, and sulfonamides
    will be absorbed systemically when mixed with DMSO..

    DMSO has weak antibacterial activity when used clinically and
    possible clinical efficacy when used topically as an antifungal. The
    mechanism for these antimicrobial effects has not been elucidated. 

    The anti-inflammatory/analgesic properties of DMSO have been
    thoroughly investigated. DMSO appears to be more effective an
    anti-inflammatory agent when used for acute inflammation versus
    chronic inflammatory conditions. The analgesic effects of DMSO have
    been compared to that produced by narcotic analgesics and is
    efficacious for both acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain. 

    DMSO decreases platelet aggregation, but reports on its effects on
    coagulability have been conflicting, as has its effect on the
    myocardium (heart muscle). DMSO has diuretic activity independent of
    the method of administration. It also provokes histamine release
    from mast cells, which probably contributes to the local
    vasodilatory effects seen after topical administration. DMSO also
    apparently has some anticholinesterase acitivity and enhances
    prostaglandin E but blocks the synthesis of E2, F2 alpha, H2 and Gs.
    It inhibits the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which not only is
    responsible for the metabolism of alcohol but also the metabolism of
    ethylene glycol (antifreeze) into toxic metabolites. 

    Uses/Indications: Purported uses for DMSO are rampant, but the only
    FDA-approved veterinary indication for DMSO is: ?..as a topical
    application to reduce acute swelling due to trauma? (Package
    insert). Other possible indications include: adjunctive treatment in
    transient ischemic conditions (frost-bite), CNS trauma and cerebral
    edema, skin ulcers/wounds/burns, adjunctive therapy in intestinal
    surgeries, and analgesia for post-operative or intractable pain,
    amyloidosis in dogs, reduction of mammary engorgement in the nursing
    bitch, enhancement of antibiotic penetration in mastitis in cattle
    and limitation of tissue damage following extravasation injuries
    secondary to chemotherapeutic agents. DMSO?s effect on alcohol
    dehydrogenase many make it useful in the treatment of ethylene
    glycol poisoning, but this has not been sufficiently studied as of
    yet. DMSO?s attributes as a potential carrier of therapeutic agents
    across the skin and into the systemic circulation and its
    synergistic effects with other agents are potentially exciting, but
    require more study.. 

    Pharmacokinetics ? DMSO is well absorbed after topical
    administration..it is extensively and rapidly distributed to
    virtually every area of the body?DMSO is metabolized to dimethyl
    sulfide (DMS) and is primarily excreted by the kidneys although
    biliary and respiratory excretion also takes place. 

    Contraindications/Precautions ? Wear rubber gloves when applying
    topically and apply with clean or sterile cotton to minimize the
    chances for contamination with potentially harmful substances. Apply
    only to clean, dry areas to avoid carrying other chemicals?DMSO may
    mask existing pathology with its anti-inflammatory and analgesic
    activity. Because DMSO may degranulate mast cells, use with extreme
    caution in animals with mastocytomas?used cautiously in animals
    suffering from dehydration or shock as its diuretic and peripheral
    vasodilatory effects may exacerbate these conditions. 

    Adverse Effects/Warnings ? When used as labelled, DMSO appears to be
    an extremely safe drug. Local effects (?burning?, erythema,
    vesiculation, dry skin, local allergic reactions) and garlic or
    oyster-like breath odor are the most likely adverse effects. They
    are transient and quickly resolve when therapy is discontinued. ..At
    high doses..causes myopia and lenticular changes. These effects are
    slowly reversible after the drug is discontinued. When administered
    intravenously to horses it may cause hemolysis and hemoglobinuria.
    ..Reports of hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity have also been
    reported for various species and dosages. These occur fairly rarely
    and some clinicians actually believe DMSO has a protective effect on
    ischemically insulted renal tissue.   (It is currently being used in
    human medicine as an important treatment for interstitial
    cystitis?it?s scavenging of radical effects may be useful as a
    preventative for certain types of cancer. My words) 



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