[Jewelry making - Article 00158] - Re: [Orchid] Turquoise and silver necklace

[Holt]

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    George, Regarding  your query as to the origin of the idea that the
    "naja" originated with the Spanish, one of the earliest references I
    find is in Arthur Woodward's book "Navajo Silver",  originally
    published by the Museum of Northern Arizona in August 1938 as Museum
    of Northern Arizona Bulletin 14. Mark Bahti, a founder and president
    of the Indian Arts and Crafts Association, in his book "Collecting
    Southwestern Native American Jewelry" published 1980, also
    attributes the origin of the naja in North America to the Spanish.
    There is some discussion of whether the Navajo obtained it directly
    from the Spanish or whether it was gotten from other tribes,
    (Delaware, Shawnee, Comanche), who themselves had obtained it from
    the Spanish, however there is no indication of it's use in North
    America prior to the arrival of the Spanish. The Spanish are said to
    have gotten it from the Moors and it's earliest origins are traced
    back to the days of the Romans.Ornaments incorporating two inverted
    opposing boars tusks are said to have been used in Africa for
    thousands  of years. There are many other references which say the
    same thing. Hope this helped. Jerry in Kodiak   

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